The high-level mediation in South Sudan’s Tumaini Initiative is set to culminate in a final peace agreement in November, following the completion of nine critical protocols. Chief mediator Lt-Gen (Rtd) Lazarus Sumbeiywo confirmed negotiations are mostly complete, with only power-sharing protocols outstanding. However, concerns persist regarding government reluctance to fully integrate hold-out groups and potential internal opposition to the peace process. Amidst this backdrop, the transitional government faces criticism for postponing elections and extending its mandate, emphasizing the need for an inclusive approach to peacebuilding in South Sudan.
The South Sudan high-level mediation, often referred to as the hold-out groups, is poised to finalize a peace agreement in November after the completion of nine critical protocols addressing vital issues. This development indicates a resurgence of the negotiation process, which had seemingly stalled for two months while the government delegation conducted consultations in Juba. In an interview with The EastAfrican, chief mediator Lt-Gen (Rtd) Lazarus Sumbeiywo disclosed that negotiations had been concluded on nearly all protocols, with only the one on Responsibility Sharing (power sharing) remaining to be finalized. The mediator expressed confidence that discussions on this final item would conclude within the coming week. Summarizing the mediation process, Lt-Gen Sumbeiywo stated that delays in negotiations are not uncommon, as delegates often consult with their respective factions. He noted, “There should be no cause for alarm because, in many mediations, delegates are allowed to go back to consult with their members.” The ongoing discussions revolve around the Tumaini Initiative, which aims to reconcile groups that initially rejected the 2018 peace agreement that established the transitional government. However, concerns have emerged from the South Sudan Opposition Movements Alliance (Ssoma), alleging that the government delegation’s prolonged consultations indicate potential resistance to including hold-out groups in the coalition. Such fears are reportedly exacerbated by certain factions within the government and security sectors who perceive the inclusion of these groups as a dilution of their influence. The recent dismissal of Gen Akol Koor Kuc as head of the National Security Services (NSS) by President Kiir, followed by his appointment as a state governor, has raised questions about internal opposition to the Tumaini negotiations. Additionally, Dr. Riek Machar, a member of the coalition and leader of the SPLM-IO, has voiced concerns that some of the Tumaini protocols may undermine the principles established in the 2018 peace agreement. The nine protocols under discussion encompass crucial subjects, including confidence-building measures, land disputes, justice sector and security reforms, the permanent constitutional process, economic recovery, and humanitarian support, along with responsibility sharing. Meanwhile, representatives from Ssoma assert that these protocols are vital for steering the nation away from ongoing conflict and view the transitional government’s reluctance to engage fully in Nairobi as detrimental. Despite concerns, Patrick Godi, the youth representative at the Tumaini Initiative, expressed optimism that discussions on economic and security reforms are ongoing and will be resolved shortly. Pagan Amum, leader of the Real SPLM, asserted that negotiations have not collapsed and that they await the government’s willingness to re-engage in talks. A recent briefing by the African Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes (Accord) cautioned that the Tumaini Initiative must not be seen as an isolated approach, as its legitimacy could be compromised if perceived as disconnected from the broader ongoing peace efforts, particularly the R-ARCSS framework. In light of the transitional government’s decision to postpone elections originally scheduled for December 2023 while extending its mandate for another two years, there are growing concerns from donors about the prospects of funding if preparation for the elections remains inadequate. The unfolding engagements in South Sudan illustrate the complexity of achieving lasting peace in a nation long plagued by conflict.
In South Sudan, complex political dynamics continue to challenge the peace process, marked by tensions between the transitional government and opposition groups. The negotiation process, primarily facilitated through the Tumaini Initiative, has seen various factions striving to reconcile differing interests while addressing foundational issues contributing to decades of conflict. The recent effort to finalize peace agreements is crucial as it aims to tackle essential governance elements and civilian concerns, thereby laying the groundwork for a more stable future.
The anticipated signing of the peace agreement by the hold-out groups in South Sudan during November signifies a critical juncture in the peace process. Despite prevailing doubts regarding government commitment and internal resistance, ongoing negotiations reflect a concerted effort aimed at fostering reconciliation and addressing systemic issues. It is imperative that the mediation process remains inclusive and responds to the needs of the South Sudanese people to secure a sustainable peace moving forward.
Original Source: www.theeastafrican.co.ke
