The Ankara Declaration, announced on December 11, 2024, signifies a turning point in Somali-Ethiopian relations facilitated by Turkey. This agreement seeks to enhance peace but has faced criticism from both sides over territorial concerns and trust issues. Future negotiations are planned for February 2025, aiming for a structured approach to economic cooperation, but significant skepticism remains regarding both leaders’ motivations and the sustainable outcomes of the agreements.
On December 11, 2024, a pivotal moment unfolded in the Horn of Africa as the Turkish government, led by President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, announced the Ankara Declaration. This agreement marked a significant shift in relations between the Federal Republic of Somalia, represented by President Hassan Sheikh Mahmoud, and the Federal Republic of Ethiopia, represented by Prime Minister Abiye Ahmed Ali. Although the declaration purports to promote peace and cooperation between the two nations, it has drawn criticism from experts and stakeholders wary of its implications.
Critics from Somalia argue that Ethiopia has historically acted as an aggressor, encroaching upon Somali territory, particularly in the region known as Western Somalia. There is a prevailing sentiment among some Somali commentators that the agreement legitimizes Ethiopia’s claims, further complicating an already fragile relationship. The feelings of betrayal are palpable, as many Somali leaders feel it unnecessary to engage in such an agreement, believing that a firm demand for adherence to international law would have sufficed instead of yielding to Ethiopian expansionist aspirations.
Conversely, some commentators in Ethiopia express concern that Prime Minister Abiye Ahmed may be sacrificing the long-held ambition for Ethiopia to gain naval access through a Memorandum of Understanding with Somalia. The pressures leading to the Ankara Declaration seem to be largely external, particularly from Turkey. Observers note that both leaders may have felt compelled to pursue this accord under the watchful eyes of Türkiye, whose strategic engagements appear to prioritize their economic considerations over the complexities of Somali-Ethiopian relations.
Moving forward, the planned negotiations beginning in February 2025 may test the durability of the Ankara Declaration. Many insiders argue that the timeframe is overly ambitious, given the extensive ground to cover regarding the creation of negotiating teams and aligning commercial interests. A sustainable agreement will require careful planning, extending beyond the personal agendas of the current leaders, laying a foundation for enduring cooperation that transcends political cycles.
A key component of the Ankara Declaration involves granting Ethiopia commercial access to the Somali coastline, a prospect that carries both promise and risks. Planning would need to comprehensively address not only the infrastructure and logistics required for such access but also Ethiopia’s aspirations to establish a naval presence, which has stirred unease within Somalia. The apprehension stems from concerns over Ethiopia’s trustworthiness, necessitating measures to ensure mutual benefit and security for both cultures involved.
Ultimately, the Ankara Declaration possesses the potential to reduce tensions and foster a pathway toward economic collaboration amidst a history fraught with conflict. A successful arrangement could encourage greater regional integration, positively affecting the respective populations of Somalia and Ethiopia, which together comprise a significant demographic base of approximately 164 million individuals. The accord offers a renewed opportunity for dialogue and collaboration, paving the way for a stable and prosperous future for both nations and potentially inspiring similar initiatives among neighboring states.
The Horn of Africa has long been a region marked by complex and tumultuous relationships between its nations, particularly between Somalia and Ethiopia. Historically, this relationship has been strained due to territorial disputes and conflicts that exacerbated national tensions. The Ankara Declaration represents a significant moment as it aims to redefine the diplomatic landscape of the region by promoting economic cooperation and stability. The involvement of Turkey as a facilitator underscores the increasing geopolitical interests in the Horn of Africa, highlighting the need for both countries to navigate their fraught history while seeking a path to sustainable peace and mutual benefit.
In summary, the Ankara Declaration symbolizes a critical juncture in Somali-Ethiopian relations, aiming to move both nations away from conflict towards a promising partnership. However, skepticism remains regarding the sincerity and long-term implications of the agreement, especially among Somali stakeholders who feel apprehensive about relinquishing their territorial claims. As negotiations unfold, it is imperative that both governments prioritize the foundational needs of their populations, ensuring that emerging agreements genuinely reflect the interests and aspirations of both nations rather than serving merely the political expediencies of their leaders. The successful implementation of the Ankara Declaration may not only stabilize bilateral relations but also inspire broader economic integration within the region.
Original Source: www.eurasiareview.com
