Brazil is advancing a microreactor project led by the National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) to provide energy to isolated areas and reduce diesel dependency. Key contributors include IPEN and IEN, focusing on research materials and subcritical nuclear reactor assembly. The project, financed by Finep, aims to create a domestically produced low-power nuclear microreactor within three years.
Brazil’s National Nuclear Energy Commission (CNEN) is collaborating on the development of microreactors, aimed at reducing reliance on diesel generators to supply power to rural areas, hospitals, and factories. The project is being executed through two key technical units: the Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN) in São Paulo and the Institute of Nuclear Engineering (IEN) in Rio de Janeiro. The initiative has received approval from the Financier of Studies & Projects (Finep).
IPEN will focus on researching and developing necessary materials for the microreactor, such as moderators and control rods, while also facilitating domestic production to stabilize supply. Noteworthy materials under development include beryllium oxide and boron carbide. Furthermore, IPEN is considering advancements in nuclear fuel, particularly uranium dioxide for larger diameters.
Jesualdo Luiz Rossi of IPEN highlighted the team’s intention to rekindle previous expertise in handling beryllium, noting, “IPEN’s involvement with beryllium dates back to the 1960s and 1970s… This technical knowledge has been lost over time.” The revival of this specialized knowledge necessitates the establishment of a well-equipped laboratory for safe handling and large-scale production of toxic powders.
The IEN will build upon its earlier research dating back to the 1970s for the subcritical unit project, having resumed efforts in 2018. Francisco Jose de Oliveira Ferreira from IEN stated, “IEN has been working on a subcritical unit project for many years… We already have several studies in this area, in addition to most of the equipment and components necessary for assembly of the unit.”
IEN’s primary goal is to analyze neutron behavior within the reactor through comprehensive experiments, validating theoretical models. The institute will leverage its instrumentation expertise, while collaborations with Nuclear Industries of Brazil (INB) will aid in fuel manufacturing, leading to forthcoming feasibility tests.
The project, titled “Development and Testing of Critical Technologies Applicable to Nuclear Microreactors,” is funded under Finep’s More Innovation program in the Renewable/Sustainable Energies category, with a budget of BRL50 million ($8.8 million). Solid partnerships include various universities and institutions, such as Federal University of ABC (UFABC) and the Brazilian Navy’s Nuclear Development Directorate (DDNM).
Projected over three years, the aim is to validate a low-power microreactor system capable of generating about 3 MWe within a 40-foot container, designed for remote operation for over ten years without refueling. CNEN clarified, “Although there are different projects abroad, there is still no consolidated technology in this area.” In contrast, Brazil’s project is focused on a domestic solution founded upon local research and nuclear sector expertise.
Professor Joao Moreira from UFABC remarked, “As yet, there is no microreactor operating in the world with established technology. We are developing something original…” In light of new requirements, IPEN expects to broaden its contribution to the microreactor’s construction.
The project involves the creation of crucial components: the core, reflector, control rods, and a passive heat transfer system utilizing heat pipes, which require innovative engineering solutions. Currently at technology readiness level TRL 3, the objective is to progress to TRL 6, indicating demonstration in a relevant environment.
To attain this, four Technology Development Units will be established for essential operations such as low power testing and heat transfer system validation. Management of the project will encompass coordinating multiple institutions across Brazil, necessitating the use of management software for real-time task updates and planning optimization.
In conclusion, Brazil’s microreactor project represents a significant advancement in nuclear technology aimed at enhancing energy access in underserved areas. By leveraging local expertise and focusing on homegrown solutions, the initiative underscores the importance of scientific research in achieving sustainable energy independence. With collaboration among various institutions and a structured approach to project management, Brazil is poised to play a leading role in the development of innovative nuclear solutions.
Original Source: www.neimagazine.com
